![]() ![]() As a safe, widely available, and affordable treatment, Vitamin D may help to reduce the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic. Black veterans received greater associated COVID-19 risk reductions with supplementation than White veterans. Veterans with Vitamin D blood levels between 0 and 19 ng/ml exhibited the largest decrease in COVID-19 infection following supplementation. We also find that after controlling for vitamin D blood levels, veterans receiving higher dosages of Vitamin D obtained greater benefits from supplementation than veterans receiving lower dosages. Mortality within 30-days of COVID-19 infection was similarly 33% lower with Vitamin D 3 and 25% lower with D 2 (D 3 HR = 0.67, D 2 HR = 0.75, ). In the population of US veterans, we show that Vitamin D 2 and D 3 fills were associated with reductions in COVID-19 infection of 28% and 20%, respectively ), D 2 HR = 0.72, ]. However, it is unknown if treatment with Vitamin D can reduce the associated risk of COVID-19 infection, which is the focus of this study. Several studies have shown that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increases the risk of infection with COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has long been associated with reduced immune function that can lead to viral infection.
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